Diesel engine Wikipedia. The diesel engine also known as a compression ignition or CI engine and named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression adiabatic compression. Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously. This contrasts with spark ignition engines such as a petrol engine gasoline engine or gas engine using a gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol, which use a spark plug to ignite an air fuel mixture. In diesel engines, glow plugs combustion chamber pre warmers may be used to aid starting in cold weather, or when the engine uses a lower compression ratio, or both. The original diesel engine operates on the constant pressure cycle of gradual combustion and produces no audible knock. A diesel engine built by MAN AG in 1. The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency engine efficiency of any practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high expansion ratio and inherent lean burn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided compared to two stroke non direct injection gasoline engines since unburned fuel is not present at valve overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intakeinjection to the exhaust. Low speed diesel engines as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 5. How To Install Backtrack 5 On Linux Via Terminal. Diesel engines may be designed as either two stroke or four stroke cycles. They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1. 91. 0s they have been used in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks, heavy equipment and electricity generation plants followed later. In the 1. 93. 0s, they slowly began to be used in a few automobiles. Since the 1. 97. 0s, the use of diesel engines in larger on road and off road vehicles in the US increased. According to the British Society of Motor Manufacturing and Traders, the EU average for diesel cars accounts for 5. France and 3. 8 in the UK. The worlds largest diesel engine put in service in 2. Wrtsil Sulzer RTA9. C Common Rail marine diesel, which produces a peak power output of 8. MW 1. 13,2. 10 hp at 1. Historyedit. Diesels prototype engine. Diesels first experimental engine 1. The definition of a Diesel engine to many has become an engine that uses compression ignition. To some it may be an engine that uses heavy fuel oil. To others an engine that does not use spark ignition. However the original cycle proposed by Rudolf Diesel in 1. Carnot theory that would require much higher compression than what is needed for compression ignition. Diesels idea was to compress the air so tightly that the temperature of the air would exceed that of combustion. In his 1. 89. 2 US patent granted in 1. Microsoft Office Starter Italiano 2010 Dodge' title='Microsoft Office Starter Italiano 2010 Dodge' />Diesel describes the compression required for his cycle pure atmospheric air is compressed, according to curve 1 2, to such a degree that, before ignition or combustion takes place, the highest pressure of the diagram and the highest temperature are obtained that is to say, the temperature at which the subsequent combustion has to take place, not the burning or igniting point. To make this more clear, let it be assumed that the subsequent combustion shall take place at a temperature of 7. Hot spots Hot spots Hot spots Hot spots. Then in that case the initial pressure must be sixty four atmospheres, or for 8. Into the air thus compressed is then gradually introduced from the exterior finely divided fuel, which ignites on introduction, since the air is at a temperature far above the igniting point of the fuel. The characteristic features of the cycle according to my present invention are therefore, increase of pressure and temperature up to the maximum, not by combustion, but prior to combustion by mechanical compression of air, and there upon the subsequent performance of work without increase of pressure and temperature by gradual combustion during a prescribed part of the stroke determined by the cut oil. In later years Diesel realized his original cycle would not work and he adopted the constant pressure cycle. Diesel describes the cycle in his 1. Notice that there is no longer a mention of compression temperatures exceeding the temperature of combustion. Now all that is mentioned is the compression must be high enough for ignition. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder and piston constructed and arranged to compress air to a degree producing a temperature above the igniting point of the fuel, a supply for compressed air or gas a fuel supply a distributing valve for fuel, a passage from the air supply to the cylinder in communication with the fuel distributing valve, an inlet to the cylinder in communication with the air supply and with the fuel valve, and a cut oil, substantially as described. See US patent 6. History shows that the invention of the Diesel engine was not based solely on one mans idea, but was the culmination of many different ideas that were developed over time. Microsoft Office Starter Italiano 2010 Dodge' title='Microsoft Office Starter Italiano 2010 Dodge' />In 1. Claude and Nicphore Nipce brothers developed the first known internal combustion engine and the first fuel injection system. The Pyrolophore fuel system used a blast of air provided by a bellows to atomize Lycopodium a highly combustible fuel made from broad moss. Later coal dust mixed with resin became the fuel. Mitsubishi Wd 73732 Manual 20171117 UTC 023053 0000 94 K Nigel Boat Owners Manual 20171116 UTC 024153 0000. Finally in 1. 81. They discovered that the kerosene type fuel could be finely vaporized by passing it through a reed type device, this made the fuel highly combustible. In 1. 87. 4, George Brayton developed and patented a 2 stroke, oil fueled constant pressure engine The Ready Motor. This engine used a metered pump to supply fuel to an injection device in which the oil was vaporized by air and burned as it entered the cylinder. These were some of the first practical internal combustion engines to supply motive power. Braytons engines were installed in several boats, a rail car, 2 submarines and a bus. Early Diesel engines use a similar cycle. Throughout the 1. Brayton continued trying to improve his engines. In 1. 88. 7 Brayton developed and patented a 4 stroke direct injection oil engine US patent 4. The fuel system used a variable quantity pump and liquid fuel high pressure spray type injection. The liquid was forced through a spring loaded relief type valve injector which caused the fuel to become divided into small droplets vaporized. Injection was timed to occur at or near the peak of the compression stroke. A platinum igniter or ignitor provided the source of ignition. Brayton describes the invention as follows I have discovered that heavy oils can be mechanically converted into a finely divided condition within a firing portion of the cylinder, or in a communicating firing chamber. Another part reads I have for the first time, so far as my knowledge extends, regulated speed by variably controlling the direct discharge of liquid fuel into the combustion chamber or cylinder into a finely divided condition highly favorable to immediate combustion. This was likely the first engine to use a lean burn system to regulate engine speed output.